Argentina is subject to a variety of climates because of longitudinal and elevation amplitudes. The climate is predominantly temperate with extremes ranging from subtropical in the north to sub polar in the far south.
The North of the country is characterized by hot, humid summers, and mild and dry winters. The region also experiences periodic droughts. In central Argentina, the summers are hot with thunderstorms. The winters are cool. The southern regions have warm summers and cold winters with heavy snowfall, especially in mountainous zones. Higher elevations at all latitudes experience cooler conditions.
Argentina has recorded the highest and coldest temperatures that are extremes in South America. The highest temperature recorded was 48.8 °C recorded at Rivadavia, Salta on December 11, 1905. The lowest temperature recorded was -32.7 °C at Sarmiento, Chubut on June 1st, 1907.
Argentina also experiences warm and cold winds. Pampero is a cool wind and blows on the flat plains of Patagonia and the Pampas after a cold front. The Viento Norte is a warm wind that can blow from the north in mid and late winter creating mild conditions. Zonda is a hot and dry wind that affects west-central Argentina and is known to squeeze all moisture during the 6,000 meter descent from the Andes. These winds can blow up to speeds of 120 km/h fueling wildfires and causing damage.
The southern regions in Argentina particularly the far south, experiences long periods of daylight from November to February, sometimes up to 19 hours, and extended nights from May to August.
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