Geography of Ghana deals with the varied topics related to its location, climate and terrain. Information on the Geography of Ghana can also be useful to the person traveling to different areas of Ghana.
Geography of Ghana related to its location and size: The place lies in the center of the West African coast,Ghana also shares its land borders with three French speaking nations.They are Burkina Faso to the north, Côte d'Ivoire to the west and Togo to the east. The Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean lies to the south of Ghana.The total area of Ghana is about 238,533 square kilometers and has a size similar to that of United Kingdom.The coast at Cape Three Points lies to the south of Ghana and is 4° 30' north of the equator.The Greenwich Meridian passing through London also passes through the eastern part of Ghana.
Geography of Ghana related to its Climate: The country has a warm and humid climate.The annual mean temperature of Ghana ranges between 26 and 29 °C. The variation of temperature, humidity and rainfall of Ghana is due to the presence of a dry tropical air mass called the harmattan, which blows from the northeast across the Sahara.The interaction and the movement of this air mass is the main factor for the various climatic changes.
During the summer season a warm air mass gets intensified and moves towards the northern part of the country.On the other hand a low pressure area from the south-west region brings rain and gusty winds across the country.
Ghana's climatic conditions are not uniform. Two distinct climatic seasons can be seen across the Kwahu Plateau lying to the northernmost extent of the forest area.One is the dry Harmattan season which is very hot during day and cool during night and usually spans from November to late March or April. Another wet season is observed during late August or September.
The low physical relief is another major factor which deserves mention in the Ghana Geography.The nation was mostly covered by a Precambrian rock system which got worn down by erosion and got changed almost to a plain.
Ghana has five distinct geographical regions with low plains stretching across the country.
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