The aqueduct, Caesarea is reminiscent of the old times when the city required a steady flow of running water. When the town was small, the water requirement could be satisfied by the local wells. However, the population later grew massively to several hundred thousand people. The need for a large scale aqueduct was felt to transport water from a large distance. The aqueduct, Caesarea was first built by King Herod and remains one of the most popular Caesarea tourist attractions.
The first Caesarea aqueduct was built by Herod during his reign from 37 BC to 4 BC. During this time the new city was founded and dedicated to Augustus, the Roman Caesar. The water was ferried from the southern side of Mount Carmel at Shummi, which is around 10 kilometers towards the northeast of the city. A single raised canal was constructed in the aqueduct in Caesarea to facilitate the flow of water. At Jiser-e-zarka, an Arab village near Caesarea, the section of aqueduct is dug into the rock.
The first aqueduct, Caesarea was not enough to make up for the water shortage. So a second lower aqueduct was incorporated into the older structure by the Legions of Emperor Hardin. Water was now brought from Tanninim River, which is farther from Shummi. The 6 kilometer long tunnel doubled the capacity of the old aqueduct, Caesarea. With the builders using the same style and materials, it is hard to distinguish the old and new aqueducts.
The first and second aqueduct, Caesarea continued to function properly for 1200 years, during which time it was repaired a couple of times. When it was beyond repair, a third aqueduct, Caesarea was built to replace the first two. The third canal was smaller due to the smaller size of the city. From the springs of Maagan Michael, a fourth aqueduct, Caesarea was constructed later. A dam was also built successively to raise the water level. All these comprise the aqueduct, Caesarea.
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