Jordan is a land of great promise and culture, and is situated in the Middle East and is a constitutional hereditary monarchy which is governed by the Hashemite family. The Hashemite family is one which traces its lineage from the Prophet Muhammad himself. Jordan is bordered on the west by Israel and the Dead Sea, on the north by Syria, on the east by Iraq, and on the south by Saudi Arabia. It is comparable in size to Indiana. Arid hills and mountains make up most of the country. The southern section of the Jordan River flows through the country.
With the arid desert plateau in the east, with Highland area in the west, Jordan is a lovely country in the Middle East. The Great Rift Valley of the Jordan River divides Jordan from Israel. Jabal Ram is the highest point while the lowest is the Dead Sea. Jordan is often referred to as the country which is the "cradle of civilization" for the entire middle east or west Asia. Major cities in the country of Jordan include the capital Amman in the northwest, Irbid and Az Zarqa, both in the north.
The climate in Jordan is dry and remains hot for most part f the year, as the country mostly is covered by deserts. However, the western part of the country receives high precipitation during the winter season from November to March. Amman and the Western Heights receive occasional rainfall. Administratively, Jordan is divided into 12 governorates, each headed by a governor appointed by the king. They are the sole authorities for all government departments and development projects in their respective areas. The King of Jordan is the all powerful constitutional head who has a say in the politics and foreign affairs of the country. He is the Constitutional head who has the last word on all matters of politics ,economy and foreign affairs.
In biblical times, the country that is now Jordan constituted of the lands of Edom, Moab, Ammon, and Bashan. Along with the other Middle Eastern territories, Jordan passed in was ruled by the Assyrians, the Babylonians, the Persians, and, about 330 B.C., the Seleucids. In 106 A.D. it became part of the Roman province of Arabia and in 633-636 was conquered by the Arabs. In the 16th century, Jordan submitted to the Ottoman Turks rule and was administered from Damascus. Taken from the Turks by the British in World War I, Jordan (formerly known as Transjordan) was separated from the Palestine mandate in 1920, and in 1921, placed under the rule of Abdullah ibn Hussein. The modern Kingdom of Jordan is now ruled by King Abdullah II ,who is the ultimate authority on all matters regarding the country.
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