Located in the eastern part of the Mediterranean region, Lebanon forms a notable country in the Middle East. As you learn about the Geography of Lebanon, you can know about various facts regarding the topography of the nation. The country features mountainous tracts and narrows down as it extends from North to South. A study of the Geography of Lebanon would provide an insight into the landscapes and the terrain in and around the country.
The area of Lebanon measures about 10, 452 square kilometers. More or less rectangular in shape, the land has an average width of 56 kilometers. The country features a varied range of topography. The type of terrain, soils, climate and vegetation vary from one place to another throughout the nation.
The topography of Lebanon is classified into five narrow tracts from the North to the South. These are, the coastal Plain, the Shoreline, Mount Lebanon, Anti-Lebanon and Beqaa Valley.
The lowland and highland tracts run in succession in the north-south direction. The four long tracts of land between Syria and Mediterranean Sea are, eastern Lebanon, western Lebanon, the coastal strip and the plateau region in the central part.
Flanked by mountain and sea, the coastal strip or ‘sahil’ features a maximum width of 6.5 kilometers in the north. The coastal areas are rocky and uneven in most regions. The maritime climate favors the production and growth of various fruits and vegetables.
The western part is referred to as the Lebanon Mountains which are considered to be the highest and the roughest among the local mountain ranges. To the north of the mountains there is the An Nahr al Kabir river, and to the south is the Al Qasimiyah River. The major peaks include Al Qurnat As Sawda and Ahl al Jabal.
As you browse through the geography of the region, you will learn about the Biqa Valley, which is another prominent section in Lebanon. It stretches from the north to the western curve of the Orontes River in Syria and south to Jordan. Biqa is the nation’s main area for cultivation.
The region of Anti-Lebanon or the eastern mountains is another major topographical area in Lebanon. It extends from Mount Hermon to Hawran Plateau and runs till the Dead Sea.
Owing to its geography, Lebanon experiences a Mediterranean climate featuring hot and dry summers and cold and humid winters. After the winter rainfall, the spring arrives. However, in the coastal regions, the summers are hot and humid. Temperatures may exceed 38° C during the day and can fall beyond 16° C at night.
Several small rivers, streams and springs can be noticed in eth Lebanon Mountains. The Biqa Valley is fed by two rivers – the litany and the Orontes. The Nahr Barada river originates from a spring in the Anti-Lebanon Mountains. The Buhayrat al Qirawn is the only major lake in Lebanon.
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